2. Leggere il brano e rispondere alle seguenti 5 domande. (2 - 6) The following extract is taken from the article "Universities need to be acknowledged say policymakers" published on the website eureporter.com on 9 September 2015. Please read it carefully. The study claims to provide "sound evidence" of how research universities make essential contributions to the European economy. One of the key findings is that research universities contributed a total economic value of €71.2 billion in gross value added (GVA) and supported 900,065 jobs across Europe in 2014. The study, the 'Economic Contribution of LERU Universities', was carried out for the League of European Research Universities (LERU) over 9 months by the independent consultancy BiGGAR Economics. Its authors say it contributes to a "much needed understanding and recognition of the multidimensional and far-reaching impact of research universities." Research universities, it says, attract over 50,000 students from outside the EU. This, it claims, contributes to European exports earnings, estimated at €1.7bn per year for the European economy through the fees they pay and their spending in the wider economy. The research universities sector is estimated to represent 2.2% of all GVA and 1.8% of all employment in the EU. According to the findings, for each €1 in GVA directly generated by the LERU universities, there was a total contribution of almost €6 to the European economy, and every job directly created by the LERU universities supported almost six jobs in the European economy. LERU SecretaryGeneral Professor Kurt Deketelaere said: "As the figures in the report demonstrate, investing in research, innovation and education really pays off. "In 2014, LERU universities received €16.3bn in income and generated a total economic impact of €71.2 billion. That implies that LERU universities generated €4.37 GVA for every €1 income earned". LERU Chairman Professor Alain Beretz added: "The wide impact of research universities (and universities in general) should be better acknowledged. As indicated in the report, the contribution of research universities is greater than that of the direct GVA and employment of the automotive industry, the pharmaceutical and real estate sectors in Europe. That is certainly not a negligible fact." The LERU-BiGGAR report provides "sound evidence" of how research universities make essential contributions to the European economy," he said. "Now it is up to the EU and national policymakers to do their part. "The impact of universities should be better understood and recognized, and their economic and societal contributions should be better taken into consideration by European and national policymakers. Providing universities with adequate funding will clearly benefit the European economy, contributing to Europe´s growth and competitiveness," he said. "However, although funding is certainly essential in allowing universities to develop their full potential, this remains insufficient if the appropriate framework conditions are not created." Deketelaere added: "On issues such as the EU Copyright reform, the General Data Protection Regulation or Open Access, we often fail to realize how much is at stake for European universities and, therefore, for the European economy and the internal market. "Although at first sight it might not be obvious to everyone, issues such as the lack of a text and data mining exception, barriers to the processing of personal data for scientific purposes or the absence of an EU level playing field in such domains are very closely related to the advancement of knowledge, to universities' activities and therefore, to Europe's competitiveness." Choose the correct option for each of the following questions. What could really let universities develop their full potential?
More fundings in an adequate framework condition and more consideration by policymakers.
A real and effective respect of what is stated in the EU Copyright reform.
More substantial fundings.
Non so rispondere
